Generating sets are indispensable in many sectors, especially in industrial activities, as they are used to supply electrical power when the mains power fails, or in locations where the supply does not reach.
In hospitals, data centers, penitentiaries, petrochemical plants, or power stations, to give a few examples, it is essential that, in the event of a failure, continuity of supply is ensured. In the case of engineering works or construction in isolated locations, the conventional supply may not be available and a generator set may be required as the main power source.
Types of generating sets
Generating sets can be classified according to different parameters, as we will see in this post. However, the most suitable generating set for our needs will be determined firstly by the power we need, and secondly by other special characteristics we may require, such as operating time, mobility, or soundproofing.
1. Types of generating sets by engine
The first difference there may be between generating sets is the type of engine, i.e. the type of fuel they use. However, the genset is not usually chosen by the type of engine or fuel, but the other way round, it will be the power requirements and use that will determine the type of genset engine we need:
- For high power requirements: If our power needs are high, we will need a diesel engine genset. These have a wide range of power ratings, up to 4000 KVA, so they are the most common in the industry, hospitals, data centers, etc., and in general in companies where the power supply can be critical, either as a main or auxiliary supply. A more recent alternative is hybrid gensets, which also supply high power, up to 4000 KVA, consume less, and are more sustainable for the environment.
- For low power requirements: If we do not need too much power, i.e. for needs of up to 5 KVA, we can opt for petrol, gas or even gasoline Gensets, although the latter is the least common.
2. Types of generating sets according to insulation or soundproofing typology
Soundproofed generating sets are used in places where noise levels have to be reduced to avoid noise pollution, but also in open areas or where the set has to be protected from extreme weather or environmental conditions, as the cover acts as protection. In cases where the company has a specific space that does not require soundproofing, the generating set can be installed without a protective or insulating cover.
3. Types of generating sets according to the type of start-up
The type of starter is another classification factor that is defined by the power needs, and according to the use we want to give to the generating set.
- Manual start: With or without a load switch, this is an unusual system, and only for low power generating sets up to 5 KVA.
- Automatic start: This type of start is the most common for high power. The Genset starts when it detects a mains failure and stops when it detects that the mains are stable again.
4. Types of generating sets according to mobility
We can find fixed generating sets, which are usually used when it is necessary to ensure the supply 24/7.
Mobile generating sets are used to supply energy in specific situations, from concerts or events to power cuts due to natural catastrophes.
5. Types of generating sets according to the type of power supply
An important criterion when classifying generating sets is whether we need the set as a main power supply, i.e. one that can provide a constant and uninterrupted supply. In this case, the genset should be more powerful, durable, and wear-resistant.
Another option is that we need the genset as auxiliary power, i.e. as an alternative supply source in case the main power fails. This may be the case in hospitals, prisons, data centers, etc., where a power supply failure can be critical.
In addition to the above five, there are other ways of classifying generating sets. For example, according to the type of generator voltage, it may be single-phase or three-phase. Nowadays, however, practically all generating sets have a three-phase generator, as these provide the necessary conditions for a better power supply.
The ISO-8528-1 standard defines a classification according to the type of operation for which the equipment is intended. According to this, we can have emergency auxiliary power, auxiliary power, main power, or continuous power.
In summary, in order to choose the most suitable type of generating set for our needs, we must take into account factors related to usage and power, as well as location and the need for acoustic insulation that may affect our sector.
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